The clause was largely created to address states with Black Codes – The Equal Protection Clause: Established the principle that individuals in similar situations shall be treated equally by the law. – The Citizenship Clause: Defined citizenship as all persons born or naturalized in the United States to include formerly enslaved people Former Confederate states were required to ratify it to gain representation in Congress. It provided for the rights and protections for formerly enslaved persons sought to address the rights of those involved in the rebellion against the United States and established protections against future insurrections. Constitution in the Reconstruction Era following the Civil War. Ratified in 1868, the 14th Amendment was the second amendment to the U.S.
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